When you boil it all the way down, a building is just a box, with bad weather on the outside and good weather on the inside. It’s been that way since our Paleolithic ancestors first got into the construction business. Their primary objective was survival, but over the eons the focus shifted more and more to comfort: staying warm and dry when it’s cold and wet outside; keeping cool when it’s too hot out there.
Those of us who make buildings are still concerned with comfort. But survival is back on the agenda, partly because of the way we’ve long chosen to improve the indoor weather: by burning fossil fuels to make heat and electricity. Buildings are responsible for 40 percent of the carbon emissions that are destabilizing our climate and putting the future of civilization at risk.
Standard construction practices have improved in recent years, but we need to pick up the pace. World population is on track to grow from 7 billion today to 9 billion in 2050—all of us sharing the same finite resources, most living and working in buildings, and everyone wanting to be comfortable. To accomplish that, we’ll need buildings that use dramatically less energy—or none at all. And because the buildings we create today will be in service long after 2050, we’ll have to start building that way now.